Several methods have been attempted to prepare NiO NPs, but many come with disadvantages because the process is complicated and consumes large amounts of energy to induce a large amount of carbon. Size reduction affects most physical properties (structural, magnetic, optical, dielectric, thermal, etc.) due to surface effects and quantum size effects. With advancements in all areas of industry and technology, interest has been focused on nanoscale materials, stemming from the fact that new properties are required at this length scale and, equally important, that these properties change with their size and morphology. In addition, NiO nanoparticles (NPs) are studied because nano-dimensional particles differ from the majority of nanoparticles in a number of properties, including surface area to volume ratio and electro-optical, magneto-optical, chemical and mechanical properties, which lead to unique optical, electronic and physiochemical properties. NiO nanoparticles (NPs) have a wide range of applications such as battery electrodes, photo-electron devices, ion storage materials, gas sensors, magnetic materials, thermoelectric materials, catalysts, fuel cells, dye-sensitized photocathodes, electrochromic films, anticancer properties, cytotoxic activity and non-enzymatic glucose sensors, etc. Nickel oxide (NiO) is an important transition metal oxide material with a cubic lattice structure used in numerous applications.
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